Welcome to Core Java Tutorial. I have written a lot on Core Java and Java EE frameworks. There was no index post for Core Java tutorial and I used to get emails asking to make one so that any beginner can follow them and learn core java programming. Finally, I got time and here I am listing all the core java tutorial related posts that I think will help you in learning core java in no time. This list is updated till Java-10 and soon it will be updated with the latest changes in Java-11 and beyond.
Hello Everyone,Iam really confused which i have to opt (OCAJP 7 or 8) Iam a fresher and had done core java and advanced java course and looking for a job.Could anyone please advice me which one to opt?Thanks in AdvanceSyed
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One common indication of a memory leak is the java.lang.OutOfMemoryError error. This error indicates that the garbage collector cannot make space available to accommodate a new object, and the heap cannot be expanded further. This error may also be thrown when there is insufficient native memory to support the loading of a Java class. In rare instances, the error is thrown when an excessive amount of time is being spent performing garbage collection, and little memory is being freed.
Cause: The detail message GC overhead limit exceeded indicates that the garbage collector (GC) is running most of the time, and the Java application is making very slow progress. After a garbage collection, if the Java application spends more than approximately 98% of its time performing garbage collection and if it is recovering less than 2% of the heap and has been doing so for the last five (compile-time constant) consecutive garbage collections, then a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError error is thrown. This error is typically thrown because the amount of live data barely fits into the Java heap leaving little free space for new allocations.
For example, if you specify the -XX:+CrashOnOutOfMemoryError command-line option while running your application, then when a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError error is thrown, the JVM will generate a core dump. You can then execute jhsdb jmap on the core file to get a histogram, as shown in the following example.
Heap dumps consist of a snapshot of all live objects on Java heap memory that are used by running Java applications. Detailed information for each object like type, class name, address, size and references to other objects can be obtained in the heap dump. Various tools help in analyzing heap dumps in Java. For instance, JDK itself provides jhat tool for analysing heap dump. Heap dumps are also used for analysing memory leaks which is a phenomenon that occurs when there are objects that are not used by the application anymore and the garbage collection is not able to free that memory as they are still shown as referenced objects. Following are the causes that result in memory leaks:
In computing, a core dump,[a] memory dump, crash dump, storage dump, system dump, or ABEND dump[1] consists of the recorded state of the working memory of a computer program at a specific time, generally when the program has crashed or otherwise terminated abnormally.[2] In practice, other key pieces of program state are usually dumped at the same time, including the processor registers, which may include the program counter and stack pointer, memory management information, and other processor and operating system flags and information. A snapshot dump (or snap dump) is a memory dump requested by the computer operator or by the running program, after which the program is able to continue. Core dumps are often used to assist in diagnosing and debugging errors in computer programs.
Earliest core dumps were paper printouts[6] of the contents of memory, typically arranged in columns of octal or hexadecimal numbers (a "hex dump"), sometimes accompanied by their interpretations as machine language instructions, text strings, or decimal or floating-point numbers (cf. disassembler).
Core dumps can serve as useful debugging aids in several situations. On early standalone or batch-processing systems, core dumps allowed a user to debug a program without monopolizing the (very expensive) computing facility for debugging; a printout could also be more convenient than debugging using front panel switches and lights.
Core dumps allow a user to save a crash for later or off-site analysis, or comparison with other crashes. For embedded computers, it may be impractical to support debugging on the computer itself, so analysis of a dump may take place on a different computer. Some operating systems such as early versions of Unix did not support attaching debuggers to running processes, so core dumps were necessary to run a debugger on a process's memory contents.
Core dumps can be used to capture data freed during dynamic memory allocation and may thus be used to retrieve information from a program that is no longer running. In the absence of an interactive debugger, the core dump may be used by an assiduous programmer to determine the error from direct examination.
Core dumps can save the context (state) of a process at a given state for returning to it later. Systems can be made highly available by transferring core between processors, sometimes via core dump files themselves.
On the IBM System/360, the standard operating systems wrote formatted ABEND and SNAP dumps, with the addresses, registers, storage contents, etc., all converted into printable forms. Later releases added the ability to write unformatted[d] dumps, called at that time core image dumps.
The NASA Voyager program was probably the first craft to routinely utilize the core dump feature in the Deep Space segment. The core dump feature is a mandatory telemetry feature for the Deep Space segment as it has been proven to minimize system diagnostic costs[citation needed]. The Voyager craft uses routine core dumps to spot memory damage from cosmic ray events.
The Linux operating system kernel can record core dumps automatically, if this functionality is enabled. Alternatively, you can send a signal to any running application to generate a core dump regardless of its actual state.
You can mark the memory of processes as not to be dumped. This can save resources and ensure additional security if the process memory contains sensitive data. Both kernel core dumps (kdump) and manual core dumps (gcore, GDB) do not dump memory marked this way. 2ff7e9595c
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