Obtaining a public performance license for a film is relatively easy and usually requires no more than an email or phone call. Fees are determined by such factors as the number of times a particular movie is going to be shown, how large the audience will be and so forth. While fees vary, they are generally between $200-400 per showing.
Performance At The Stage 400 Scaricare Film
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Current metal film-based electronics, while sensitive to external stretching, typically fail via uncontrolled cracking under a relatively small strain (30%), which restricts their practical applications. To address this, here we report a design approach inspired by the stereocilia bundles of a cochlea that uses a hierarchical assembly of interfacial nanowires to retard penetrating cracking. This structured surface outperforms its flat counterparts in stretchability (130% versus 30% tolerable strain) and maintains high sensitivity (minimum detection of 0.005% strain) in response to external stimuli such as sounds and mechanical forces. The enlarged stretchability is attributed to the two-stage cracking process induced by the synergy of micro-voids and nano-voids. In-situ observation confirms that at low strains micro-voids between nanowire clusters guide the process of crack growth, whereas at large strains new cracks are randomly initiated from nano-voids among individual nanowires.
Inspired by the hierarchical design methodology both in nature and engineered systems, here we report a design that uses hierarchical assembly of interfacial nanowires to retard penetrating cracking and significantly increase the stretchability of metal film-based sensors. Finite element simulations, characterization of the morphologies of both structured and flat surfaces under different strains coated by nanometer-thick metal films, and conductivity measurements, reveal that this improvement is attributed to a two-stage crack-generation synergy. At low strain, crack generation occurs along micrometer-sized voids between the nanowire clusters, and at high strain, subsequent crack initiation originates from nanometer-sized voids among the individual nanowires within the clusters. This process is similar to the central role of stereocilia bundles in the cochlea system. This two-stage cracking process allows high stretchability (130% strain) and high sensitivity (Gauge Factor of 107.45, minimum detection of 0.005% strain) to be combined into a single sensor. Further, we illustrate the utility of this bioinspired approach by fabricating wearable electronics such as sound detectors and soft robotics actuation monitors, which achieve high stretchability and retain high sensitivity compared to conventional metal film-based electronics.
Figure 2c and Supplementary Movie 2 show the simulation results of the stretching process in our FE model. For strains up to 20%, the applied strain was mainly accommodated by increasing the gaps between neighboring clusters (i.e., MVs), which is consistent with the signatures that we observed in the morphology of nanowires at low strains. We name this process the MV-induced cracking stage (CMV). When the strain reached around 40%, the nanowires within the same bundle began to de-bond. As the applied strain increased, the cracking initiated across the entire nanowire-structured surface and propagated toward NVs, leading to the creation of NV-induced cracks (CNV) and several sub-clusters consisting of a smaller number of nanowires. To this end (80% strain), two clusters cracked into six sub-clusters, a signature consistent with the behavior of NV-induced cracking. Theoretically, the enhancement of the stretchability of our film due to the presence of nanowires can be explained by a study in the field of condensed matter physics that breaking random bonds within the material will lead to a diffusive failure other than major cracks40.
Next, we applied strain to the surface with assemblies of 4-μm-length nanowires (Fig. 3b). In-situ optical microscopy imaging was performed to determine whether the cracks were induced by MVs or NVs. As the uniaxial tensile strain to the substrate was applied, cracks started to initiate at the location of MVs where the stress was larger than other regions (i.e., NVs between the individual nanowires) due to a weak nanowire-retarding effect. For example, as shown in Fig. 3b, prior to 11% strain, cracks CMV1 and CMV2 were initiated from MV1 and MV2, respectively. Furthermore, the sizes of MV-initiated crack lengths, along the directions either parallel or perpendicular to the stretch, increase with the strain up to 48%, whereas the NVs remain intact within the same range of strain, as evidenced in Fig. 3b. Interestingly, when the strain reached a critical threshold (48%; Fig. 3b), a second-stage crack initiation stemmed from rather the NVs between individual nanowires within nanowire clusters than the micrometer-sized counterparts between the nanowire clusters. We comment here that we still observed bridging of neighboring cracks instead of penetrating cracking even at 115% strain (Fig. 3b), which has not been achieved in conventional flat metal films7.
Next, we investigated the effect of nanowire length on the tolerable strain of the nanowire-structured Pt films (Supplementary Fig. 18). Inspection of Fig. 3f reveals that the tolerable strain of the nanowire-structured Pt films increased with the length of the nanowire, and the maximum value reached 130% (for 4-μm-length nanowire), which is at least three times larger than that for the non-structured Pt film (30% strain). Surprisingly, further increases in nanowire length caused a decrease in the tolerable strain of the nanowire-structured Pt films, which contradicts the estimations from our FE models. As shown in Fig. 3f, the tolerable strains of 6 and 8-μm-length nanowire-structured Pt films were 80% and 60%, respectively. We attribute this observed trend to the synergy of MVs and nanowire interactions. On one hand, longer nanowires result in larger bundles with fewer MVs (Supplementary Fig. 19), which would induce larger MV-induced cracks during the first stage (i.e., MV-induced cracking). On the other hand, strong adhesive forces between long nanowires delay the onset strain of the second stage (i.e., NV-induced cracking), which suggests that MV-induced cracks would be significantly stretched and easily connected to form penetrating cracks (see Supplementary Fig. 20 for details). Overall, these results demonstrate that the hierarchical micro-/nanostructures present opportunities to achieve high levels of stretchability in metal film-based electronics.
props: short for properties; any article, except costume or scenery, used as part of a dramatic production; any moveable object that appears on stage during a performance, from a telephone to a train.
An auditorium may be designed for a playhouse with stages for dramatic performances, a concert hall with orchestras for musical performances, or a theater house consisting of screens to watch movies or presentations.
A horseshoe auditorium is popular in many entertainment venues in combination with a proscenium stage. It was common in Baroque theater design for ballet, masques, and opera performances, and is still popular in theaters and auditoriums today, including the Auditorium Building in Chicago.
These styles of stage utilize space effectively and are an excellent choice for lecture halls and film presentations. The seating arrangement is usually multiple aisles, ideal for small spaces. However, this is not the most intimate method of staging, so not as great for performances that require that level of intimacy.
A proscenium stage resembles an end stage, with the addition of the proscenium arch through which the audience views the performance. The audience directly faces the stage and views only one side of the scene. Often, a stage may extend in front of the proscenium arch which offers additional playing area to the actors. This area is referred to as the apron. Underneath and in front of the apron is sometimes an orchestra pit which is used by musicians during musicals and operas.
A stage that thrusts'' the performers into the audience for a greater sense of intimacy and drama, which is achieved by seating the audience on three sides of the stage. Usually thrust stages are in a square performance area, surrounded by raked seating.
The ABL1500 incorporates an air-on-air preload on both the vertical and horizontal surfaces. The opposing thin-film pressure maintains the bearing nominal gap tolerance. This design, in addition to the large air bearing surface that distributes the load over a large surface area, results in a stage with outstanding stiffness that is ideal for heavy or offset loading.
Proprietary manufacturing techniques result in a stage with unsurpassed geometric characteristics. The air bearing has an inherent averaging effect that maximizes performance. The thin film will fill small surface voids and allow for other irregularities. This characteristic yields superior pitch, roll, yaw, straightness and flatness specifications.
The ABRX family of high-performance, direct-drive, rotary air-bearing stages delivers the most precise rotational motion available. In addition to bringing you market-leading axial-, radial- and tilt-error motion performance, ABRX stages offer superb rotational accuracy and repeatability, plus impressive load-carrying capabilities - all in a favorable form factor that easily integrates into your multi-axis motion systems and machines.
Mise en scène is the arrangement of scenery and stage properties in a play. Translated from French, it means "setting the stage" but, in film analysis, the term mise en scene refers to everything in front of the camera, including the set design, lighting, and actors. Mise en scene in film is the overall effect of how it all comes together for the audience. 2ff7e9595c
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